Abstract Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the main histological type of oral cancer. Its growth rate and incidence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes is influenced by various factors, including

Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) therapy can be applied to treat a variety of disorders. We previously found that transcutaneous application of CO2 with a hydrogel decreased the tumor volume of

Abstract Osteosarcoma is the most common primary solid malignant bone tumor. Despite substantial improvements in surgery and chemotherapy, metastasis remains a major cause of fatal outcomes, and the molecular mechanisms

Abstract Hypoxia plays a significant role in cancer progression, including metastatic bone tumors. We previously reported that transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) application could decrease tumor progression through the improvement of

Abstract Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular energy metabolism and apoptosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that decreased mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with cancer progression. In mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated

Abstract Hyperglycemia impairs oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle. Muscle oxidative capacity is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α). Transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) enhances PGC-1α expression in skeletal muscle. Therefore,