Abstract Endurance exercise generates CO2 via aerobic metabolism; however, its role remains unclear. Exogenous CO2 by transcutaneous delivery promotes muscle fibre-type switching to increase endurance power in skeletal muscles. Here we determined

Abstract The acceleration of nerve regeneration remains a clinical challenge. We previously demonstrated that transcutaneous CO2 application using a novel hydrogel increases the oxygen concentration in local tissue via an “artificial

Abstract Background: Bone defects may occur because of severe trauma, nonunion, infection, or tumor resection. However, treatments for bone defects are often difficult and have not been fully established yet. We

Abstract Background: Muscle atrophy causes difficulty in resuming daily activities after a fracture. Because transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) application has previously upregulated oxygen pressure in the local tissue, thereby demonstrating its

Abstract Background: Clinicians have very limited options to improve fracture repair. Therefore, it is critical to develop a new clinically available therapeutic option to assist fracture repair biologically. We previously reported

Abstract Background: Carbon dioxide therapy has been reported to be effective in treating certain cardiac diseases and skin problems. Although a previous study suggested that transcutaneous carbon dioxide application accelerated fracture